人脑微血管内皮细胞是血脑屏障的主要组成成分，能够限制可溶性物质和细胞等从血液进入大脑。大脑微血管内皮细胞与外周内皮细胞相比具有一些相同特性。如：1）脑微血管内皮细胞存在许多细胞间紧密连接，产生很高的跨内皮阻抗，延迟细胞旁的通量；2）脑微血管内皮细胞缺乏内皮细胞的窗孔结构,其液相物质胞饮水平较低；3）脑微血管内皮细胞具有不对称定位酶和载体介导转运系统，从而产生 “两极分化”的表现型。 与外周内皮细胞相同，大脑微血管内皮细胞表面表达细胞粘附分子，调控白细胞进入大脑。由于微血管内皮细胞的器官特异性，内皮细胞通常取源于疾病研究的相关组织。 

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